What is Cancer?

Almost all organs are constantly involved in catabolism (breakdown) and anabolism (building). This is the process where cells die and new ones are created. In the process of new cells being created is how cancer comes into play. Most times new cells are created by cells dividing and multiplying. This is a necessary and normal process, and most of the time, it takes place without complications. However, for reasons we don’t fully understand, once in a while a cell will become damaged during this process. This new damaged cell will no longer be able to function as it was intended, however, it may have the ability to divide and reproduce. Most of the time the body’s immune system will detect this ‘invader’ and will destroy it.

However, if the immune system does not do its job properly this cell will be permitted to reproduce. Reproduction usually takes place at an increased rate, forming a tumor, getting bigger, and impairing the proper function of the organ, or area, of where it is growing. It is this impairment of organ function (and organs as it spreads) that can lead to death. In addition, cells have a specific life span, at which point they will ‘self-destruct.’ If this process is no longer functioning in the cancer cells then it will increase the rate at which the tumor grows.

Cancer can happen almost anywhere in the body, however, it is more common in organs or tissues that are involved in high rates of cell division. Types of cancer can include prostate, leukemia, breast, lung, lymphoma, colon, skin, etc.

Eventually, if it is not caught and treated early, the cancer cells will infect/invade near by tissue, and will also enter the circulatory system and migrate to new locations in the body. This is called metastasis and the cancer is much harder to treat at this point.

Some cancers are more serious than others. Benign tumors are not true cancers. These are increased cell growths that remain in a localized area, they do not spread. Malignant is a true cancer. These are cells that do spread and reek havoc in the body. Therefore, it is quite possible that someone may have a benign tumor and will not require treatment except to keep an eye on the tumor to make sure it does not change.

Cancer is a huge problem for the medical profession. The causes of cancer are not fully understood, but it is believed that the factors involved are heredity, diet, poisons/chemicals in the environment, hormones, viruses and bacteria, and lifestyle factors (e.g. smoking, high fat diets). In addition, the older you are the higher the chance of developing cancer.

Cancer detection is vital in treating it. It must be caught early, before metastasis. Many people do not visit their doctor until some warning signs show up. By then it might be too late. Regular physical check ups are required, at least yearly. Any physiological changes need to be reported to your physician immediately.

If cancer is detected treatment can involve surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Cancer survivors also have to undergo regular follow up check ups to make sure the cancer has not returned.